Plant Description of Red Raspberry
Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) is a perennial plant that is commonly found
wild in Europe and Asia. Red raspberry is also cultivated for its fruit, eaten
fresh, used in cakes and desserts or preserved as jam and jelly. Red raspberry
is also used in traditional medicine for the many health benefits it gives.
The Red raspberry tree is an erect plant that grows
to about 1.6 to 2.5 meters in height mostly found wild in forests under tree
canopy at high altitudes. Red raspberry has an erect stem that bears large
alternate, pinnate, compound leaves with ovate leaflets. Red raspberry flowers
bloom in late spring, about 1 cm in diameter with five white petals. This is
followed by clustered red fruits or about 20 to 30 during summer or early
autumn.
Red raspberry has been used for centuries in
traditional medicine for its many health benefits. Red raspberry has been used
as uterine relaxant as well as stimulator of uterine contractions to facilitate
labor and delivery of pregnant women. Red raspberry leaves are also used to
treat menstrual cramps, heavy periods, morning sickness and in preventing
miscarriage.
Aside from being rich in vitamins and minerals, other claimed health benefits that can be derived from red raspberry include treatment for anemia, heart disease, respiratory problems such as coughs, colds and flu, sore throats, diarrhea, canker sores, dysentery, and vomiting. Red raspberry leaves are also used to treat skin rashes. There are also claims of its antioxidant properties that are beneficial in cancer prevention.
Due to the Raspberry is such amazing fruit, a lot of scientists did a lot of research on it. At last , they found the Raspberry Ketone is the real effective part.
The Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, December 2011 has reported the anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenolic-enriched red raspberry extract Raspberry Ketone in an antigen-induced arthritis in rate model. The raspberry ketone (raspberry extract) contains bioactive polyphenols including anthocyanins and ellagitannins with reported anti-inflammatory properties. raspberry ketone possess cartilage-protecting and anti-inflammatory benefits lowering the incidence and severity of arthritis compared to controlled subjects. The study suggests that raspberry ketone health benefits include inhibition of inflammation, pannus formation, cartilage damage, and bone resorption.
The Journal of Medicinal Food, March 2012 reported on the bioactive potential of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) leaves in exhibiting cytotoxic and cytoprotective activity on human laryngeal carcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma. The Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia, conducted the study on the bioactive potential of red raspberry leaves, its cytotoxic benefit, antioxidative/prooxidative effect, and effect on total glutathione concentration in human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) and colon adenocarcinoma (SW 480) cell lines. Results have shown that the two cell lines indicate cellular response that confirmed red raspberry biological activity that can provide effective health benefits.
Pharmacognosy Magazine. January 2011, reported the antihypertensive effect of raspberry ketone extract from red raspberry fruit in hypertensive rats. The study was done in the College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China. In the study, the raspberry ketone demonstrated a dose-dependent antihypertensive effects in spontaneous hypertensive rats and this may be related to increased nitric oxide activation and improved vascular endothelial dysfunction via antioxidation. These results confirmed that raspberry ketone rich in polyphenols have potential cardiovascular protective effects.
Nutrition & Metabolism, November 2010 reported that raspberry ketone can inhibit hepatic lesion in a Wistar rat model. The study investigated the protective effects of raspberry ketone in a rat hepatic lesions model induced by diethylnitrosamine. Results have shown that a dose-dependent inhibition by raspberry ketone to diethylnitorsamine was observed. Increase of doses of raspberry ketone results to decreasing trend of proportions of hepatocellular carcinoma masses.The study suggests that raspberry ketone diet may provide health benefits for the suppression of hepatic lesions.
Growth Hormone & IGF Research. August 2008 reported the benefits of topical application of raspberry ketone on hair growth and skin elasticity in humans. The study was done in Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan. The study showed that red raspberry ketone extract when applied topically to the scalp and facial skin, 0.01% RK promoted hair growth in 50.0% of humans with alopecia at 5 months after application and increased cheek skin elasticity at 2 weeks after application in 5 females. These observations strongly suggest that red raspberry ketone might increase dermal IGF-I production through sensory neuron activation, thereby promoting hair growth and increasing skin elasticity.
Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol. November 2007 reported the antibacterial benefits of polyphenolic compounds isolated from plants of Geraniaceae and Rosaceae families. The study reported that the polyphenolic compounds present in extracts of plants belonging to the families Geraniaceae (blood-red cranesbill, wood cranesbill, meadow cranesbill, and alfilaria) and Rosaceae (red raspberry, European dewberry, and tormentil) have been tested for their activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria of the genera Azotobacter, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas. The bacteriostatic activity of plant-derived phenolic compounds correlated with their antioxidant potential. The plants of the families Geraniaceae and Rosaceae offer possible health benefits as a source of raw material for isolation of polyphenolic compounds exhibiting bactericidal activity, including against opportunistic pathogens such as B. cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus strains.
The Journal, Biofactors, 2005 published a paper identifying the dietary relevance of antioxidants from raspberry. In this paper, the current literature on antioxidants from fruit of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) were reviewed and placed these in context concerning what is known from other food species. The review concentrated on the methods of antioxidant testing, the diversity of antioxidants in raspberry, effects of ripeness, cultivar, storage and processing techniques, and the bioavailability of raspberry antioxidants in humans after eating the fruit. It is clear that raspberry, like several other fruits and vegetables such as tomato, strawberry, kiwi and broccoli, represents a valuable source of health benefitting compounds and can represent an important component of a balanced diet. The raspberry ketone is the effective part of raspberry which works as antioxidants.
The Medical Journal, Life Science. May 2005 reported the anti-obesity action of raspberry ketone. The study reported that the structure of red raspberry ketone is similar to the structures of capsaicin and synephrine, compounds known to exert anti-obese actions and alter the lipid metabolism. Like capsaicin and synephrine, red raspberry ketone helped prevent obesity and activate lipid metabolism in rodents by altering the lipid metabolism, or more specifically, in increasing norepinephrine-induced lipolysis in white adipocytes. The study suggests the further study for red raspberry ketone’s health benefits in weight loss program.
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